LONDON (AP) — The English legal system, steeped in centuries-old traditions like wearing wigs and robes, has cautiously embraced artificial intelligence (AI) as judges are now allowed to use the technology to assist in producing rulings. The Courts and Tribunals Judiciary recently announced that AI can be used for writing opinions, although it is not recommended for research or legal analysis due to its potential for providing inaccurate, misleading, and biased information. England and Wales are among the first to provide guidance on AI’s use in courts, signaling a proactive step in an industry that has been slow to adopt technological advancements.
Master of the Rolls Geoffrey Vos, the second-highest-ranking judge in England and Wales, emphasized the importance of maintaining confidence in the judiciary while utilizing AI. As discussions surrounding the future role of AI in the legal profession continue, the judiciary’s approach is seen as restrained but significant. Scholars and legal experts are contemplating scenarios where AI could eventually replace lawyers, assist in jury selection, and even make case decisions. However, caution prevails, particularly in the judicial system, as humans are deemed essential in maintaining accountability and control.
The move by England and Wales to address AI’s impact on the legal industry places them at the forefront of global efforts. While previous guidance from the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice of the Council of Europe touched on the ethical use of AI, the recent announcement offers broader and more up-to-date guidelines. In contrast, the U.S. federal court system has not yet established specific guidance on AI due to its fragmented structure and the independent rules set by individual courts and judges.
Legal experts commend the judiciary for its comprehensive approach to addressing the potentials and risks of AI. However, there are concerns about potential enforcement and accountability mechanisms. Critics argue that disclosure of AI usage and clear sanctions for non-compliance should be explored.
The issued guidance serves as a reminder of AI technology’s limitations and the potential consequences if its workings remain misunderstood. Notably, the use of chatbots, such as ChatGPT, raises red flags, with prior instances of lawyers relying on the technology to generate legal briefs that included references to fictional cases. To safeguard privacy and confidentiality, the guidance advises judges to refrain from entering private or sensitive information into public AI chatbots.
Despite the cautious approach, judges are encouraged to explore the usefulness of AI as a secondary tool in assisting with background work and summarizing information they are already familiar with. However, caution is advised when relying on AI for new information that requires independent verification, as it is not yet capable of providing reliable analysis and reasoning.
In conclusion, England and Wales have taken a significant step towards incorporating AI into their legal system. By providing guidance on its usage, the judiciary seeks to balance embracing technological advancements while upholding the integrity and accountability of the court. The road ahead involves careful monitoring and evaluation to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI in legal proceedings.