LONDON — A surge in climate-related lawsuits against major corporations has marked a growing frontline in the environmental accountability battle, with an increasing number of these suits successfully challenging businesses over their environmental initiatives and disclosures. A recent report reveals that approximately 230 climate lawsuits have targeted corporations and trade associations globally since 2015.
The research, conducted by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, highlights that two-thirds of these legal actions have been initiated since 2020, pointing to a sharp uptick in litigation. Crucially, the majority of concluded cases have resulted in favorable judgments for the plaintiffs.
One of the most significant areas of litigation is against “climate-washing,” where companies are accused of falsely advertising their environmental efforts to appear more sustainable than they are in reality. In 2023 alone, 47 cases pertained to such allegations.
Recent years have also seen a rise in cases under the “polluter pays” principle, which holds companies financially responsible for the environmental damage caused by their emissions. Frameworks like this are gradually shaping the financial landscapes of industries, impacting market behaviors and potentially influencing future legal standards.
The United States leads in the number of climate litigation cases, filing 129 in 2023. Following are the UK and Brazil, with 24 and 10 cases respectively. Litigation in these regions underscores the varying legal environments and the growing global consciousness regarding corporate environmental accountability.
Moreover, 2023 marked the first year for climate litigation filings in Panama and Portugal, expanding the geographical diversity of such cases and bringing the total number of countries witnessing climate litigation to 55. The global South has also seen an uptick in climate lawsuits, reflecting its increasing role in the global climate litigation landscape.
Though traditionally targeting governments, the focus of climate litigation has noticeably shifted towards private firms. However, there remains a disparity where 40% of such cases outside the USA target corporations directly, contrasted with only 15% in the USA.
The implications of these lawsuits extend beyond immediate legal outcomes. They are forming a precedent that contributes to domestic and international climate governance, reshaping corporate behaviors and policies towards environmental responsibilities. However, the long-term effects, particularly of climate-washing cases, are still unfolding.
Prominent cases, like the one in Montana, USA, where young plaintiffs secured a favorable ruling against state officials for violating their right to a clean environment, are setting significant precedents. Similarly, the UK’s Supreme Court recently ruled that the emissions from extracted fossil fuels must be considered in planning applications, marking a pivotal shift in how environmental impacts are assessed in industrial projects.
Experts, including those from the UN Environment Programme and Columbia University’s Sabin cite the strategic importance of these lawsuits in driving forward global climate action and corporate accountability. Such legal actions are not only redefining corporate transparency but are influencing stock market valuations, as evidenced by a study from the London School of Economics.
As this trend grows, it continues to challenge the traditional dynamics between private sector development and environmental stewardship, suggesting a robust future for climate litigation in shaping sustainable corporate practices worldwide. This unfolding scenario indicates that as the planet warms, the courtroom battles will only intensify, playing a crucial role in the global climate strategy.